Coot

Coots are medium-sized water birds that are members of the rail family Rallidae. They constitute the genus Fulica. Coots have predominantly black plumage, and—unlike many rails—they are usually easy to see, often swimming in open water. They are close relatives of the moorhen.

They have prominent frontal shields or other decoration on the forehead, and coloured bills, and many, but not all, have white on the under tail. Like other rails, they have lobed toes. The featherless shield gave rise to the expression "as bald as a coot," which the Oxford English Dictionary cites in use as early as 1430. A group of coots may be referred to as a covert or cover.

They tend to have short, rounded wings and are weak fliers, though northern species nevertheless can cover long distances—the American Coot has reached Britain and Ireland on rare occasions. Coot species that migrate do so at night. Coots can walk and run vigorously on strong legs, and have long toes that are well adapted to soft, uneven surfaces.

These birds are omnivorous, eating mainly plant material, but also small animals and eggs. They are aggressively territorial during the breeding season, but are otherwise often found in sizeable flocks on the shallow vegetated lakes they prefer.

At least some Coots have difficulty feeding a large family of fledglings on the tiny shrimp and insects that they collect. So after about three days they start attacking their own chicks when they beg for food. After a short while, these attacks concentrate on the weaker chicks, who eventually give up begging and die. The coot may eventually raise only two or three out of nine fledglings.

Species in taxonomic order

 * Red-fronted Coot, Fulica rufifrons
 * Horned Coot, Fulica cornuta
 * Giant Coot, Fulica gigantea
 * Red-gartered Coot, Fulica armillata
 * Eurasian Coot, Fulica atra
 * Mascarene Coot, Fulica newtonii (extinct, c. 1700)
 * Red-knobbed Coot, Fulica cristata
 * Slate-coloured Coot / Andean Coot, Fulica ardesiaca
 * White-winged Coot, Fulica leucoptera
 * Hawaiian Coot, Fulica alai
 * American Coot, Fulica americana
 * Caribbean Coot, Fulica caribaea
 * Chatham Coot, Fulica chathamensis (prehistoric)
 * New Zealand Coot, Fulica prisca (prehistoric)
 * Fulica infelix (fossil: Early Pliocene of Juntura, Malheur County, Oregon, USA)
 * Fulica shufeldti (fossil: Pleistocene of North America) - possibly a subspecies of Fulica americana; formerly F. minor