Mesite

The mesites (Mesitornithidae) are a family of birds that are part of a clade (Columbimorphae) that include Columbiformes and Pterocliformes. They are smallish flightless or near flightless birds endemic to Madagascar. They are the only family with more than two species in which every species is threatened (all three are listed as vulnerable).

Systematics
There are two genera, Mesitornis (2 species) and Monias (Subdesert Mesite).


 * Genus Monias Oustalet & Grandidier 1903
 * Subdesert Mesite Monias benschi Oustalet & Grandidier 1903
 * Genus Mesitornis Bonaparte 1855 [Mesites Geoffroy 1838 non Schoenherr 1838 ; Mesoenas Reichenbach 1861 ]
 * White-breasted Mesite, Mesitornis variegatus (Saint-Hilaire 1838)
 * Brown Mesite, Mesitornis unicolor (Des Murs 1845)

Historically, mesites have been allied with the doves and the dippers. While the latter is certainly incorrect, there is some indication that they might indeed be closer (though not very close) to the Columbiformes. The purported gruiforms kagu and sunbittern (and possibly the extinct adzebills too) might also be not-too-distant relatives. These latter taxa, remarkably, were all only tentatively placed in the Gruiformes, and are apparently all of Gondwanan origin; like the mesites, the kagu and sunbittern are among the rather few birds possessing powder down. Still, the data hinting at a possible relationship between the "odd gruiforms" (and possibly pigeons) is by no means robust enough to draw a firm conclusion. (Fain & Houde 2004) Arguably, they might be considered an order of their own (Mesitornithiformes) as has on occasion been done in the past, but unlike with the hoatzin, little phylogenetic research has yet been conducted on mesites.

The DNA study of Hackett et al. (2008) suggested that the mesites are a sister group of the doves, somewhat more distantly related to the sandgrouse, tropicbirds, grebes, and flamingos, within the proposed "Metaves" clade. Other researchers have been unable to confirm the "Metaves".

Recent phylogenomic studies support the grouping of mesites, sandgrouse and pigeons forming the sister taxon to Mirandornithes.

Description
The mesites are forest and scrubland birds that feed on insects and seeds. The Brown and White-breasted Mesites forage on the ground, gleaning insects from the leaves and under them, as well as low vegetation. The Subdesert Mesite uses its long bill to probe in the soil. Other birds, such as drongos and flycatchers, will follow mesites to catch any insects they flush and miss. Mesites are vocal birds, with calls similar to passerine song, used for territorial defence. Two or three white eggs are laid in a stick-nest located in a bush or low branch. The Mesitornis species are monogamous; Monias benschi is polygamous and unlike the other two shows significant sexual dichromatism.