Coturnix

Coturnix is a genus of six extant species and two known extinct species of Old World quail. The genus name is the Latin for the Common Quail.

The quails are related to the francolins, jungle bush quail,  snowcocks  and rock partridges. Species of Coturnix and the aforementioned genera belong to their own monophyletic clade, Coturnicinae, a subfamily within the family Phasianidae.

Quail of Coturnix live in pairs or small social groups and form larger groups during migration. Not all species migrate, but most are capable of extremely rapid, upward flight to escape from danger. Unlike related genera, Old World quail do not perch in trees. They devote much of their time to scratching and foraging for seeds and invertebrates on the ground. Typical habitats are dense vegetation such as grasslands, bushes alongside rivers and cereal fields. They are predated upon heavily by the diurnal hawks.

Species
The King Quail and Blue Quail; and the Brown Quail were formerly placed in Coturnix, have been moved to the genus Excalfactoria and Synoicus, respectfully.

A fossil species from the Late Oligocene - Late Miocene of SW and Central Europe was described as Coturnix gallica. Another, C. donnezani, was widespread in Early Pliocene to Early Pleistocene Europe.