Somali Ostrich

The Somali Ostrich (Struthio camelus molybdophanes) is a large flightless bird, a distinct subspecies, sometimes considered a full species, of the Ostrich.

Taxonomy
Molecular evidence indicates that the East African Rift has served as a geographic barrier to isolate the taxon from the nominate subspecies, the North African Ostrich S. c. camelus, while ecological and behavioural differences have kept it genetically distinct from the neighbouring Masai Ostrich S. c. massaicus. An examination of the mitochondrial DNA of Struthio taxa, including the extinct Arabian Ostrich S. c. syriacus, has found that the Somali Ostrich is phylogenetically the most distinct, appearing to have diverged from their common ancestor some 3.6 to 4.1 million years ago.

Distribution
The Somali Ostrich is found in eastern Africa from north-eastern Ethiopia, across Somalia, to north-eastern Kenya, its range corresponding roughly to the area known as the Horn of Africa.

Description
Though generally similar to other ostriches, the skin of the neck and thighs of the Somali Ostrich is grey-blue (rather than pinkish), becoming bright blue on the male during the mating season. The neck lacks a typical broad white ring, and the tail feathers are white. The females are slightly larger than the males and browner in plumage than other female ostriches.

Ecology
The Somali Ostrich is differentiated ecologically from the Masai Ostrich, with which there is some range overlap, by preferring bushier, more thickly vegetated areas, where it feeds largely by browsing, whereas the latter is mainly a grazer on open savanna. There are also reports of interbreeding difficulties between the two taxa.

Conservation
A report to the IUCN in 2006 suggests that the Somali Ostrich was common in the central and southern regions of Somalia in the 1970s and 1980s. However, following the political disintegration of that country and the lack of any effective wildlife conservation, its range and numbers there have since been shrinking as a result of uncontrolled hunting for meat, medicinal products and eggs, with the bird facing eradication in the Horn of Africa.