Nine-primaried oscine

Nine-primaried oscines (Latin oscen, from a singing bird) are a group of passerines in the Passeroidea superfamily. They are named because they appear to have nine primaries, however; they actually have ten, but it is hidden under the ninth primary covert.

Nine-primaried oscines are cosmopolitan.

It contains the following families:


 * 1) Motacillidae (7 genera, 66 species)
 * 2) Fringillidae (54 genera, 218 species)
 * 3) Calcariidae (2 genera, 6 species)
 * 4) Rhodinocichlidae (1 genus, 1 species)
 * 5) Emberizidae (1 genus, 43 species)
 * 6) Passerellidae (28 genera, 138 species)
 * 7) Phaenicophilidae (6 genera, 11 species)
 * 8) Incertae sedis: Zeledonia and Teretistris (2 genera, 3 species)
 * 9) Icteridae (31 genera, 113 species)
 * 10) Parulidae (29 genera, 132 species)
 * 11) Mitrospingidae (3 genera, 4 species)
 * 12) Cardinalidae (12 genera, 54 species)
 * 13) Thraupidae (97 genera, 380 species)