Vidua

The indigobirds and whydahs, are a family, Viduidae, of small passerine birds native to Africa.

These are finch-like species which usually have black or indigo predominating in their plumage. The birds named "whydahs" have long or very long tails in the breeding male.

All are brood parasites, which lay their eggs in the nests of estrildid finch species; most indigobirds use fire-finches as hosts, whereas the paradise whydahs chose pytilias.

Unlike the cuckoo, the indigobirds and whydahs do not destroy the host's eggs. Typically, they lay 2–4 eggs in with those already present. The eggs of both the host and the victim are white, although the indigobird's are slightly larger.

Many of the indigo-plumaged species named "indigobirds" are very similar in appearance, with the males difficult to separate in the field, and the young and females near impossible. The best guide is often the estrildid finch with which they are associating, since each indigobird parasitises a different host species. For example, the Village Indigobird is usually found with Red-billed Fire-finches.

Indigobirds and whydahs imitate their host's song, which the males learn in the nest. Although females do not sing, they also learn to recognise the song, and chose males with the same song, thus perpetuating the link between each species of indigobird and firefinch.

The nestling indigobirds mimic the unique gape pattern of the fledglings of the host species.

The matching with the host is the driving force behind speciation in this family, but the close genetic and morphological similarities among species suggest that they are of recent origin.

Species

 * Genus Anomalospiza
 * Cuckoo Finch or Parasitic Weaver, Anomalospiza imberbis


 * Genus Vidua
 * Steel-blue Whydah, Vidua hypocherina
 * Pin-tailed Whydah, Vidua macroura
 * Long-tailed Paradise-Whydah, Vidua paradisaea
 * Broad-tailed Paradise-Whydah, Vidua obtusa
 * Sahel Paradise-Whydah or Northern Paradise Whydah, Vidua orientalis
 * Exclamatory Paradise-Whydah, Vidua interjecta
 * Togo Paradise-Whydah, Vidua togoensis
 * Straw-tailed Whydah, Vidua fischeri
 * Shaft-tailed Whydah, Vidua regia
 * Village Indigobird, Vidua chalybeata
 * Purple Indigobird, Vidua purpurascens
 * Zambezi Indigobird, Vidua codringtoni
 * Dusky Indigobird, Vidua funerea
 * Jambandu Indigobird, Vidua raricola
 * Wilson's Indigobird, Vidua wilsoni
 * Jos Plateau Indigobird, Vidua maryae
 * Barka Indigobird, Vidua larvaticola
 * Cameroon Indigobird, Vidua camerunensis
 * Quailfinch Indigobird, Vidua nigeriae