Cardinal

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Cardinal
Male Northern Cardinal
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Clade: Nine-primaried oscines
Clade: {{{1}}}
Family: {{{1}}}
Ridgway, 1901
Genera

The Cardinals or Cardinalidae are a family of passerine birds found in North and South America. The South American cardinals in the genus Paroaria are placed in another family, the Thraupidae (previously placed in Emberizidae).

These are robust, seed-eating birds with strong bills. The family ranges in size from the 12-cm, 11.5-gram Orange-breasted Bunting to the 25-cm, 85-gram Black-headed Saltator[verification needed]. They are typically associated with open woodland. The sexes usually have distinctive appearances; the family is named for the red plumage (colored cardinal like the color of a Catholic cardinal's vestments) of males of the type species, the Northern Cardinal.

The "buntings" in this family are sometimes generically known as "tropical buntings" (though not all live in the tropics) or "North American buntings" (though there are other buntings in North America) to distinguish them from the true buntings. Likewise the grosbeaks in this family are sometimes called "cardinal-grosbeaks" to distinguish them from other grosbeaks. The name "cardinal-grosbeak" can also apply to this family as a whole.

Most species are rated by the IUCN as least concern, though some are near threatened.[1]

Species list[edit]

1) "Masked" clade:

2) "Blue" clade:

3) Ant-tanager clade:

4) "Chat" clade:

5) "Pheucticus" clade:

Incertae sedis - these birds traditionally placed in the cardinal family are biochemically related to various tanager (Thraupidae) groups:

References[edit]

  1. ^ Search "cardinalidae" at IUCN Red List for more info.
  • Stiles and Skutch, A guide to the birds of Costa Rica ISBN 0-0814-9600-4
  • Hilty, Birds of Venezuela, ISBN 0-7136-6418-5
  • ffrench, Birds of Trinidad and Tobago ISBN 0-7136-6759-1
  • "National Geographic" Field Guide to the Birds of North America ISBN 0792268776
  • Klicka, Burns & Spellman. Defining a monophyletic Cardinalini: A molecular perspective. [1]. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.07.006
  • Look it up on Wikispecies.

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cardinalidae



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