Rhea (family)

Rheids; Temporal range: Paleocene-Holocene 56–0 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Greater Rhea, Rhea americana
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Infraclass:	Palaeognathae
Clade:	Notopalaeognathae
Superorder:	Rheimorphae
Order:	Rheiformes; Forbes, 1884
Family:	Rheidae; Bonaparte, 1853
Type species
	Rhea americana; Linnaeus, 1758
Family
	†Opisthodactylidae; Rheidae;
Synonyms
	Rheinae Bonaparte 1849;

Rheidae is a family of flightless ratite birds which first appeared in the Paleocene.^[2] It is today represented by the sole living genus Rhea, but also contains several extinct genera.^[3]

Taxonomy[edit]

Order Rheiformes (Forbes 1884) Furbringer 1888 [Rheimorphae Bonaparte 1849; Rheae Forbes 1884]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]

Family †Opisthodactylidae Ameghino 1895
- Genus ?†Diogenornis de Alvarenga 1983
  - †Diogenornis fragilis de Alvarenga 1983 (Late Paleocene) – possibly a member of Casuariiformes instead.^[9]
- Genus †Opisthodactylus Ameghino 1895 (Miocene) – rheid?
  - †O. patagonicus Ameghino 1895
  - †O. horacioperezi Agnolin & Chafrat 2015
Family Rheidae (Bonaparte 1849) Bonaparte 1853 [Rheinae Bonaparte 1849]
- Genus †Protorhea Moreno & Mercerat 1891
  - †Protorhea azarae Moreno & Mercerat 1891
- Genus †Heterorhea Rovereto 1914
  - †Heterorhea dabbenei Rovereto 1914 (Pliocene)
- Genus †Hinasuri Tambussi 1995
  - †Hinasuri nehuensis Tambussi 1995
- Genus Rhea Brisson 1760 [Rhea Moehring 1758 nomen dubium; Pterocnemia Gray 1870; Toujou Lacépède 1801; Tujus Rafinesque 1815]
  - †R. anchorenense (Ameghino & Rusconi 1932) [Rhea americana anchorenense Ameghino & Rusconi 1932]
  - †R. fossilis Moreno & Mercerat 1891 [Pterocnemia fossilis (Moreno & Mercerat 1891); Rhea pampeana Moreno & Mercerat 1891]
  - †R. mesopotamica (Agnolín & Noriega 2012) [Pterocnemia mesopotamica Agnolín & Noriega 2012]
  - †R. subpampeana Moreno & Mercerat 1891
  - R. americana (Linnaeus 1758) [Struthio americanus Linnaeus 1758; Struthio camelus americanus (Linnaeus 1758); Rhea albescens Lynch & Holmberg 1878; Rhea rothschildi Brabourne & Chubb 1911; Struthio rhea Linnaeus 1766; Rhea nandua Temminck 1823; Rhea nandu Lesson 1828; Rhea macrorhyncha Sclater 1860] (Greater Rhea)
    - R. a. albescens Lynch & Holmberg 1878 [Rhea albescens Lynch & Holmberg 1878; Rhea americana rothschildi (Brabourne & Chubb 1919); Rhea rothschildi Brabourne & Chubb 1919] (Argentine rhea)
    - R. a. americana (Linnaeus 1758) [Struthio camelus americanus (Linnaeus 1758); Struthio rhea; Rhea nandua Temminck 1823; Rhea nandu Lesson 1828; Rhea americana macrorhyncha Sclater; Rhea macrorhyncha Sclater 1860] (American rhea)
    - R. a. araneipes Brodkorb 1938
    - R. a. intermedia Rothschild & Chubb 1914 (intermediate rhea)
    - R. a. nobilis Brodkorb 1939
  - R. pennata d'Orbigny 1834 [Rhea darwinii Gould 1837; Pterocnemia pennata (d'Orbigny 1834); Pterocnemia darwinii (Gould 1837); Rhea nana Lyddekker 1894; Struthio darwinii (Gould 1837); Pterocnemia tarapacensis Chubb 1913] (Lesser Rhea)
    - R. p. pennata d'Orbigny 1834 [Pterocnemia pennata pennata (d'Orbigny 1834); Rhea americana darwinii (Gould 1837); Pterocnemis darwinii (Gould 1837); Pterocnemia darwinii (Gould 1837); Struthio darwinii (Gould 1837)] (Darwin's lesser Rhea)
    - R. p. garleppi (Chubb 1913) [Pterocnemia tarapacensis garleppi Chubb 1913; Pterocnemia pennata garleppi (Chubb 1913); Rhea tarapacensis garleppi (Chubb 1913)] (Garlepp's rhea)
    - R. p. tarapacensis (Chubb 1913) [Pterocnemia tarapacensis Chubb 1913; Pterocnemia pennata tarapacensis (Chubb 1913); Rhea tarapacensis tarapacensis (Chubb 1913); Pterocnemia tarapacensis tarapacensis Chubb 1913] (Tarapacá/Puna Rhea)

References[edit]

^ Brands, Sheila (August 14, 2008). "Systema Naturae 2000 / Classification, Family Rheidae". Project: The Taxonomicon. Retrieved Feb 4, 2009.
^ Agnolin et al, Unexpected diversity of ratites (Aves, Palaeognathae) in the early Cenozoic of South America: palaeobiogeographical implications Article in Alcheringa An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology · July 2016 DOI: 10.1080/03115518.2016.1184898
^ Mayr, G. (2009). Paleogene fossil birds. Springer.
^ Haaramo, Mikko (2007). "PALEOGNATHIA - paleognathous modern birds". Mikko's Phylogeny Archive. Retrieved 30 December 2015. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |website= (help)
^ "Taxonomic lists- Aves". Paleofile.com (net, info). Retrieved 30 December 2015. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |website= (help)
^ "Part 7- Vertebrates". Collection of genus-group names in a systematic arrangement. Retrieved 30 June 2016. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |website= (help)
^ Çınar, Ümüt (November 2015). "01 → Pᴀʟᴇᴏɢɴᴀᴛʜᴀᴇ : Sᴛʀᴜᴛʜɪᴏɴɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs, Rʜᴇɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs, Cᴀsᴜᴀʀɪɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs, Aᴘᴛᴇʀʏɢɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs, Aᴇᴘʏᴏʀɴɪᴛʜɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs, Dɪɴᴏʀɴɪᴛʜɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs, Lɪᴛʜᴏʀɴɪᴛʜɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs, Tɪɴᴀᴍɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs & Rᴇfᴇʀᴇɴᴄᴇs". English Names of Birds. Retrieved 30 December 2015. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |website= (help)
^ Brodkob, Pierce (1963). "Catalogue of fossil birds 1- Archaeopterygiformes through Ardeiformes". Biological sciences, Bulletin of the Florida State Museum. 7 (4): 180-293. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
^ H. Alvarenga, Diogenornis fragilis Alvarenga, 1985, restudied: a South American ratite closely related to Casuariidae, 2010

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[SN-1] Brands, Sheila (August 14, 2008). "Systema Naturae 2000 / Classification, Family Rheidae". Project: The Taxonomicon. Retrieved Feb 4, 2009.

[2] Agnolin et al, Unexpected diversity of ratites (Aves, Palaeognathae) in the early Cenozoic of South America: palaeobiogeographical implications Article in Alcheringa An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology · July 2016 DOI: 10.1080/03115518.2016.1184898

[mayr2009-3] Mayr, G. (2009). Paleogene fossil birds. Springer.

[mikko-4] Haaramo, Mikko (2007). "PALEOGNATHIA - paleognathous modern birds". Mikko's Phylogeny Archive. Retrieved 30 December 2015. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |website= (help)

[5] "Taxonomic lists- Aves". Paleofile.com (net, info). Retrieved 30 December 2015. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |website= (help)

[6] "Part 7- Vertebrates". Collection of genus-group names in a systematic arrangement. Retrieved 30 June 2016. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |website= (help)

[7] Çınar, Ümüt (November 2015). "01 → Pᴀʟᴇᴏɢɴᴀᴛʜᴀᴇ : Sᴛʀᴜᴛʜɪᴏɴɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs, Rʜᴇɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs, Cᴀsᴜᴀʀɪɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs, Aᴘᴛᴇʀʏɢɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs, Aᴇᴘʏᴏʀɴɪᴛʜɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs, Dɪɴᴏʀɴɪᴛʜɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs, Lɪᴛʜᴏʀɴɪᴛʜɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs, Tɪɴᴀᴍɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs & Rᴇfᴇʀᴇɴᴄᴇs". English Names of Birds. Retrieved 30 December 2015. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |website= (help)

[8] Brodkob, Pierce (1963). "Catalogue of fossil birds 1- Archaeopterygiformes through Ardeiformes". Biological sciences, Bulletin of the Florida State Museum. 7 (4): 180-293. Retrieved 30 December 2015.

[9] H. Alvarenga, Diogenornis fragilis Alvarenga, 1985, restudied: a South American ratite closely related to Casuariidae, 2010

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